Cut-paper land tortoise in side view, a high domed brown shell, a small head and short thick legs

The character cabinet

Tortoise

Plants and animalsliving reptile

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What it is

A land tortoise. Tortoises have short, thick, club-like legs with short toes, and only four toes on the back feet.

The pie-crust test

In 1827 the Oxford geologist William Buckland walked tortoises of three different kinds over pie crust, wet sand and soft clay, to compare their prints with the first fossil footprints ever studied. He wrote that he had little or no doubt the fossil tracks were a tortoise's. In January 1828 he ran the test again at a London party, where the tortoises at first refused to move.

The wrong animal

His tortoise prints were a likeness, not the maker. The Scottish tracks are now thought to belong to an early relative of mammals, not a reptile.

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