Cut-paper Dunkleosteus in side view, a heavy fish with a bony armored head and blade jaws

The character cabinet

Dunkleosteus

Plants and animalsarmored fish

← Back to the cabinet

What it was

A placoderm, a name that means "plated skin." Its head and chest were locked inside a shell of bone, like a helmet and a breastplate. It was about three and a half meters long, built like a barrel. Older books drew it up to ten meters, because the soft body behind the armor never made it into the rock.

The bite

No teeth. Just two blades of bone that wore each other sharper as they slid past, like scissors that sharpen as they cut. Its helmet tipped up as the jaw swung down, so the mouth snapped open in a fraction of a second. The bite closed with more than 5,000 newtons: roughly a horse, standing on one knife edge.

What happened to it

About 359 million years ago, the deep water lost its oxygen while ice spread and the seas fell. Every placoderm on Earth disappeared.

On screen

Watch it in

Open a chapter to read its story and watch the video. Links include brief mentions and previews within published chapters.